The most important terms briefly explained
CBRN(E)
CBRNE stands for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive threats. The term is often used in the context of disaster relief, counterterrorism, military, law enforcement, and emergency medical care. CBRNE threats require special protective measures, equipment and training for emergency responders such as firefighters, police, military, special forces and medical personnel.
Biohazard (biological hazard)
Biohazard refers to a biological substance or organism that has the potential to pose a threat to the health of humans, animals, or the environment. This can occur, for example, through pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other pathogenic microorganisms. Biohazards can occur in both natural and artificial environments (e.g., laboratories). The term is often used in connection with risk assessment and the precautions that must be taken to avoid contact with these hazardous substances.
Biodefense and Medical Biodefense
Biodefense refers to the strategies, measures, and resources aimed at protecting people from biological threats. This can be in the context of epidemics/pandemics caused by highly pathogenic pathogens (Ebola, Marburg, CCHF, etc.) or due to bioterrorist attacks (anthrax, ricin, SEB, etc.). Biodefense includes, among other things, the development of protective products, vaccines, diagnostic tests, emergency plans, and systems for monitoring and deploying biological threats. It is therefore both a preventive and reactive measure to protect public health and safety.
Biosafety
Biosafety refers to the measures, procedures, and precautions taken to protect humans, animals, and the environment from the hazards posed by biological agents. It involves ensuring that hazardous microorganisms and biological materials are handled, stored, and disposed of safely to minimize the risk of accidental release or infection. In laboratories, the concept of containment levels (BSL1 to BSL4) is often used to determine the degree of necessary protective measures, depending on the hazards posed by the microorganisms in use.
Biosecurity
Biosecurity encompasses the measures taken to prevent the unauthorized use of biological materials and ensure safeguards against deliberate biological threats or the accidental release of hazardous substances. This applies to research institutions, farms, and other facilities where biological materials are handled. Biosecurity focuses on safeguarding against deliberate misuse, such as bioterrorism or illegal trafficking in pathogenic organisms, and also includes access control, material monitoring, and risk management.